CS代写 1. You are trying to appreciate how important the principle of locality is – cscodehelp代写
1. You are trying to appreciate how important the principle of locality is in justifying the use of a cache memory, so you experiment with a computer having an L1 data cache and a main memory (you exclusively focus on data accesses). The latencies (in CPU cycles) of the different kinds of accesses are as follows: cache hit, 1 cycle; cache miss, 105 cycles; main memory access with cache disabled, 100 cycles.
a. [10] When you run a program with an overall miss rate of 5%, what will the average memory access time (in CPU cycles) be?
b. [10] Next, you run a program specifically designed to produce completely random data addresses with no locality. Toward that end, you use an array of size 256 MB (all of it fits in the main memory). Accesses to random elements of this array are continuously made (using a uniform random number generator to generate the elements indices). If your data cache size is 64 KB, what will the average memory access time be?
c. [10] If you compare the result obtained in part (b) with the main memory access time when the cache is disabled, what can you conclude about the role of the principle of locality in justifying the use of cache memory?
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d. [15] You observed that a cache hit produces a gain of 99 cycles (1 cycle vs. 100), but it produces a loss of 5 cycles in the case of a miss (105 cycles vs. 100). In the general case, we can express these two quantities as G (gain) and L (loss). Using these two quantities (G and L), identify the highest miss rate after which the cache use would be disadvantageous.
2. You are building a system around a processor with inorder execution that runs at 1.1 GHz and has a CPI of 0.7 excluding memory accesses. The only instructions that read or write data from memory are loads (20% of all instructions) and stores (5% of all instructions). The memory system for this computer is composed of a split L1 cache that imposes no penalty on hits. Both the I-cache and D-cache are direct mapped and hold 32 KB each. The I-cache has a 2% miss rate and 32-byte blocks, and the D-cache is writethrough with a 5% miss rate and 16- byte blocks. There is a write buffer on the D-cache that eliminates stalls for 95% of all writes. The 512 KB write-back, unified L2 cache has 64-byte blocks and an access time of 15 ns. It is connected to the L1 cache by a 128-bit data bus that runs at 266 MHz and can transfer one 128-bit word per bus cycle. Of all memory references sent to the L2 cache in this system, 80% are satisfied without going to main memory. Also, 50% of all blocks replaced are dirty. The 128-bit-wide main memory has an access latency of 60 ns, after which any number of bus words may be transferred at the rate of one per cycle on the 128-bit-wide 133 MHz main memory bus.
a. [10] What is the average memory access time for instruction accesses? b. [10] What is the average memory access time for data reads?
c. [10] What is the average memory access time for data writes?
d. [10] What is the overall CPI, including memory accesses?
3. [15] A program is running on a computer with a four-entry fully associative (micro) translation lookaside buffer (TLB):
The following is a trace of virtual page numbers accessed by a program. For each access indicate whether it produces a TLB hit/miss and, if it accesses the page table, whether it produces a page hit or fault. Put an X under the page table column if it is not accessed.
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