CS代考计算机代写 PowerPoint Presentation
PowerPoint Presentation
Case-Based Reasoning
Learning by Recording Cases
Case-Based Reasoning
Analogical Reasoning
Explanation-Based Learning
Analogical Reasoning
Lesson Preview
Need for case-based reasoning
Case adaptation, evaluation, and storage
Case retrieval revisited
Advanced case-based reasoning
?
What color is this block?
Orange
Block World
Blue
Orange
Purple
Black
Green
Red
What color is this block?
Block World
Blue
Orange
Purple
Black
Green
Red
D
Q
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving a case from memory similar to the current problem
Adapting the solution to that case to fit the current problem
Evaluation
Evaluating how well the adapted solution addresses the current problem
Storage
Storing the new problem and solution as a case
Assumptions of Case-Based Reasoning
Patterns exist in the world
Similar problems have similar solutions
Assumptions of Case-Based Reasoning
Patterns exist in the world
Similar problems have similar solutions
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving a case from memory similar to the current problem
Adapting the solution to that case to fit the current problem
Evaluation
Evaluating how well the adapted solution addresses the current problem
Storage
Storing the new problem and solution as a case
Office
Restaurant
Office
Doctor
Restaurant
Office
Doctor
Restaurant
Office
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Office
Home
Restaurant
Office
Home
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving a case from memory similar to the current problem
Adapting the solution to that case to fit the current problem
Evaluation
Evaluating how well the adapted solution addresses the current problem
Storage
Storing the new problem and solution as a case
Home
Restaurant
Home
Restaurant
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving a case from memory similar to the current problem
Adapting the solution to that case to fit the current problem
Evaluation
Evaluating how well the adapted solution addresses the current problem
Storage
Storing the new problem and solution as a case
X
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
A
B
C
D
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
A
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
X
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
A
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
X
A
B
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
A
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
X
East of 3E?
Yes
No
X
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
A
B
Y
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
X
A
A
X
B
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
Under which branch should case Y be stored?
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
Y
A
X
Y
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
X
A
B
Under which branch should case Y be stored?
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
Y
East of _E?
X
A
Y
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
X
A
Yes
No
B
Where should this branch be divided for maximum differentiation?
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
Y
East of 2E?
X
A
Y
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
X
A
Yes
No
B
Where should this branch be divided for maximum differentiation?
Is the destination
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
D
A
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Y
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
B
East of 9E?
Yes
No
D
X
Y
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
Under which branch will case Z be stored?
Is the destination
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
D
A
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Y
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
B
East of 9E?
Yes
No
D
X
Y
X
Under which branch will case Z be stored?
Is the destination
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
D
Yes
No
Yes
No
Y
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
East of 9E?
Yes
No
D
X
Y
____ of __?
A
Yes
No
B
Z
Yes
No
Where should this branch be divided for maximum differentiation?
Is the destination
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
D
Yes
No
Yes
No
Y
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
B
East of 9E?
Yes
No
D
X
Y
Z
North of 8N?
A
Yes
No
Yes
No
Where should this branch be divided for maximum differentiation?
X
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
A
B
Route OriginX OriginY
A 3E 9N
B 4E 1N
C 7E 9N
D 8E 4N
X
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
A
B
Route OriginX OriginY
A 3E 9N
B 4E 1N
C 7E 9N
D 8E 4N
X 4E 6N
Route OriginX OriginY
A 3E 9N
B 4E 1N
C 7E 9N
D 8E 4N
X 4E 6N
Y 1E 9N
Y
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
X
A
B
What tags should be used for case Y?
Route DestinationX DestinationY
A 10E 8N
B 1E 8N
C 10E 4N
D 2E 1N
X 8E 2N
Y 8E 2N
Z 1E 9N
Y
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
C
D
X
A
Z
B
What tags should be used for case Z?
Retrieval
Adaptation
Retrieving a case from memory similar to the current problem
Adapting the solution to that case to fit the current problem
Evaluation
Evaluating how well the adapted solution addresses the current problem
Storage
Storing the new problem and solution as a case
Route DestinationX DestinationY
A 10E 8N
B 1E 8N
C 10E 4N
D 2E 1N
X 8E 2N
Y 8E 2N
Z 1E 9N
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
Y
East of 2E?
X
A
Yes
No
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
Y
East of 2E?
X
A
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
Yes
No
What case should be retrieved and adapted?
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
Is the origin
North of 5N?
East of 5E?
East of 5E?
B
C
D
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
East of 3E?
Yes
No
Y
East of 2E?
X
A
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
Yes
No
What case should be retrieved and adapted?
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
Y
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
Route DestinationX DestinationY
A 10E 8N
B 1E 8N
C 10E 4N
D 2E 1N
X 8E 2N
Y 8E 2N
Z 1E 9N
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
What case should be retrieved and adapted?
0E 1E 2E 3E 4E 5E 6E 7E 8E 9E 10E
0N 1N 2N 3N 4N 5N 6N 7N 8N 9N 10N
Route DestinationX DestinationY
A 10E 8N
B 1E 8N
C 10E 4N
D 2E 1N
X 8E 2N
Y 8E 2N
Z 1E 9N
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
ο
What case should be retrieved and adapted?
C
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
Evaluation found the solution failed; try adapting again
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
Evaluation found the solution failed; try retrieving a different solution
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
The retrieved solution could not be adapted; retrieve a different solution
Retrieval
Adaptation
Evaluation
Storage
Retrieved case perfectly matches current problem; no adaptation needed
Assignment
How would you use case-based reasoning to design an agent that could answer Raven’s Progressive Matrices?
To recap…
Case adaptation
Case evaluation
Case storage
Case retrieval revisited
Advanced case-based reasoning
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