CS代考计算机代写 flex algorithm PowerPoint Presentation

PowerPoint Presentation

Production Systems

Semantic Networks
Generate and Test
Problem Reduction
Means-Ends Analysis
Fundamentals
Production Systems

Lesson Preview

Cognitive architectures

Production systems

Chunking

What should the pitcher do?

ο Pitch to the batter

ο Intentionally walk the batter
It’s the top of the 7th inning. There are runners on 2nd and 3rd base. There are two outs. The batter, Martin Prado, has an average of .256 and bats fourth in the batting order. We are winning 3-2. I struck this batter out last time. My goal is to escape the inning.

Cognitive System
Reaction
Metacognition
Input
Output
Deliberation
Reasoning
Learning
Memory

Cognitive System
Reaction
Metacognition
Input
Output

Deliberation
Reasoning
Learning
Memory

High Level
Low Level
architecture for
architecture for
content for
content for
Hardware / Implementation Level
(e.g. a brain, a transistor)
Algorithm / Symbol Level
(e.g. means-ends analysis, semantic networks)
Task / Knowledge Level
(e.g. selecting a pitch, playing baseball)

What are the layers of Watson?
the physical computer
searching and decision-making
answering the inputted clue

Assumptions of a Cognitive Architecture

Goal-oriented

Rich, complex environment

Significant knowledge

Symbols and abstractions

Flexible and function of the environment

Learning

Architecture
+
Content
=
Behavior

Function for cognitive architectures:

f: P* → A

Percepts → Action

Cognitive System
Reaction
Metacognition
Input
Output
SOAR

Deliberation
Reasoning
Learning
Memory

Cognitive System
Reaction
Metacognition
Input
Output

SOAR
Semantic
Episodic
Procedural
Working Memory

pitcher: P* → A

What should the pitcher do?

ο Pitch to the batter

ο Intentionally walk the batter
It’s the top of the 7th inning. There are runners on 2nd and 3rd base. There are two outs. The batter, Martin Prado, has an average of .256 and bats fourth in the batting order. We are winning 3-2. I struck this batter out last time. My goal is to escape the inning.

Kris Medlen is pitching

Martin Prado is at bat

Kris Medlen’s goal is to finish the inning without allowing any runs
He chooses to pitch
He chooses to walk
He chooses a curve ball …
He chooses a fast ball …
He chooses a slider
Strike …
Ball …
Hit …
Out …
He faces the next batter …

S0
f1 : v1
f2 : v2
S1
f1 : v1
f2 : v1
S3
f1 : v1
f2 : v3
S5
f1 : v3
f2 : v5
S6
f1 : v3
f2 : v4
S8
f1 : v9
f2 : v1
S10
f1 : v5
f2 : v5
S7
f1 : v8
f2 : v7
S4
f1 : v3
f2 : v6
S12
f1 : v7
f2 : v6
S9
f1 : v2
f2 : v3
S11
f1 : v5
f2 : v4
S13
f1 : v6
f2 : v7
S101
f1 : v1
f2 : v5
S100
f1 : v9
f2 : v9
S102
f1 : v5
f2 : v1

It’s the top of the 7th inning. There are runners on 2nd and 3rd base. There are two outs. The batter, Martin Prado, has an average of .256 and bats fourth in the batting order. We are winning 3-2. I struck this batter out last time. My goal is to escape the inning.
inning : 7th
portion : top
runners : 2nd and 3rd
outs : 2
batter : Prado
average : .287
bats : right-handed
score : 3-2
goal : escape inning

Cognitive System
Reaction
Metacognition
Input
Output

SOAR
Semantic
Episodic
Procedural
Working Memory
inning : 7th
portion : top
runners : 2nd and 3rd
outs : 2
batter : Prado
average : .256
bats : right-handed
score : 3-2
goal : escape inning

(r1) If goal is to Escape, I perceive 2 outs, I perceive a runner on 2nd and I perceive no runner on 1st
then suggest goal intentionally walk batter (Intentional Walk)

(r2) If goal is to Escape, I perceive fewer than 2 outs, or I perceive a runner on 1st, or I perceive no runner on 2nd, or I perceive no runners
then suggest goal to get the batter out via pitching (Pitch)

(r3) If goal is Intentional Walk
then suggest intentional-walk operator

(r4) If goal is Pitch and I perceive a new batter who is left/right-handed
then add batter not out, balls 0, strikes 0, bats left/right

(r5) If the goal is Pitch and batter not out
then suggest throw-curve-ball operator

(r6) If the goal is Pitch and batter not out and bats left-handed
then suggest throw-fast-ball operator

(r7) If only one operator has been selected
then send operator to the motor system and add pitch thrown to state
… … …
inning : 7th
portion : top
runners : 2nd and 3rd
outs : 2
batter : Prado
average : .256
bats : right-handed
score : 3-2
goal : escape inning

(r1) If goal is to Escape, I perceive 2 outs, I perceive a runner on 2nd and I perceive no runner on 1st
then suggest goal intentionally walk batter (Intentional Walk)

(r2) If goal is to Escape, I perceive fewer than 2 outs, or I perceive a runner on 1st, or I perceive no runner on 2nd, or I perceive no runners
then suggest goal to get the batter out via pitching (Pitch)

(r3) If goal is Intentional Walk
then suggest intentional-walk operator

(r4) If goal is Pitch and I perceive a new batter who is left/right-handed
then add batter not out, balls 0, strikes 0, bats left/right

(r5) If the goal is Pitch and batter not out
then suggest throw-curve-ball operator

(r6) If the goal is Pitch and batter not out and bats left-handed
then suggest throw-fast-ball operator

(r7) If only one operator has been selected
then send operator to the motor system and add pitch thrown to state
… … …
What operator is selected?
ο intentional-walk
ο throw-curve-ball
ο throw-fast-ball
ο None, the system cannot decide.
inning : 7th
portion : top
runners : 2nd and 3rd
outs : 2
batter : Prado
average : .256
bats : right-handed
score : 3-2
goal : escape inning

(r1) If goal is to Escape, I perceive 2 outs, I perceive a runner on 2nd and I perceive no runner on 1st
then suggest goal intentionally walk batter (Intentional Walk)

(r2) If goal is to Escape, I perceive fewer than 2 outs, or I perceive a runner on 1st, or I perceive no runner on 2nd, or I perceive no runners
then suggest goal to get the batter out via pitching (Pitch)

(r3) If goal is Intentional Walk
then suggest intentional-walk operator

(r4) If goal is Pitch and I perceive a new batter who is left/right-handed
then add batter not out, balls 0, strikes 0, bats left/right

(r5) If the goal is Pitch and batter not out
then suggest throw-curve-ball operator

(r6) If the goal is Pitch and batter not out and bats left-handed
then suggest throw-fast-ball operator

(r7) If only one operator has been selected
then send operator to the motor system and add pitch thrown to state
… … …
inning : 7th
portion : top
runners : 1st, 2nd, 3rd
outs : 2
batter : Hill
average : .269
bats : right-handed
score : 3-2
goal : escape inning
What operator is selected?
ο intentional-walk
ο throw-curve-ball
ο throw-fast-ball
ο None, the system cannot decide.

(r1) If goal is to Escape, I perceive 2 outs, I perceive a runner on 2nd and I perceive no runner on 1st
then suggest goal intentionally walk batter (Intentional Walk)

(r2) If goal is to Escape, I perceive fewer than 2 outs, or I perceive a runner on 1st, or I perceive no runner on 2nd, or I perceive no runners
then suggest goal to get the batter out via pitching (Pitch)

(r3) If goal is Intentional Walk
then suggest intentional-walk operator

(r4) If goal is Pitch and I perceive a new batter who is left/right-handed
then add batter not out, balls 0, strikes 0, bats left/right

(r5) If the goal is Pitch and batter not out
then suggest throw-curve-ball operator

(r6) If the goal is Pitch and batter not out and bats left-handed
then suggest throw-fast-ball operator

(r7) If only one operator has been selected
then send operator to the motor system and add pitch thrown to state
… … …

inning : 7th
portion : top
runners : 1st, 2nd, 3rd
outs : 2
batter : Parra
average : .273
bats : left-handed
score : 3-2
goal : escape inning
What operator is selected?
ο intentional-walk
ο throw-curve-ball
ο throw-fast-ball
ο None, the system cannot decide.

Cognitive System
Reaction
Metacognition
Input
Output

SOAR
Semantic
Episodic
Procedural
Working Memory
inning : 7th
portion : top
runners : 1st, 2nd, 3rd
outs : 2
batter : Parra
average : .273
bats : left-handed
score : 3-2
goal : escape inning

inning : 5th
portion : bottom
game : 131
weather : windy
runners : 1st, 3rd
outs : 1
batter : Pierzynski
average : .283
bats : left-handed
score : 1-4
goal : pitch
pitch : throw-fast-ball
result : homerun

inning : 5th
portion : bottom
game : 131
weather : windy
runners : 1st, 3rd
outs : 1
batter : Pierzynski
average : .283
bats : left-handed
score : 1-4
goal : pitch
pitch : throw-fast-ball
result : homerun
(r8) If two operators selected and one has an episode with result homerun
then prefer other operator
“chunking”

(r1) If goal is to Escape, I perceive 2 outs, I perceive a runner on 2nd and I perceive no runner on 1st
then suggest goal intentionally walk batter (Intentional Walk)

(r2) If goal is to Escape, I perceive fewer than 2 outs, or I perceive a runner on 1st, or I perceive no runner on 2nd, or I perceive no runners
then suggest goal to get the batter out via pitching (Pitch)

(r3) If goal is Intentional Walk
then suggest intentional-walk operator

(r4) If goal is Pitch and I perceive a new batter who is left/right-handed
then add batter not out, balls 0, strikes 0, bats left/right

(r5) If the goal is Pitch and batter not out
then suggest throw-curve-ball operator

(r6) If the goal is Pitch and batter not out and bats left-handed
then suggest throw-fast-ball operator

(r7) If only one operator has been selected
then send operator to the motor system and add pitch thrown to state

(r8) If two operators selected and one has an episode with result homerun
then prefer other operator
inning : 7th
portion : top
runners : 1st, 2nd, 3rd
outs : 2
batter : Parra
average : .273
bats : left-handed
score : 3-2
goal : escape inning
What operator is selected?
ο intentional-walk
ο throw-curve-ball
ο throw-fast-ball
ο None, the system cannot decide.

Assignment

How would you use a production system to design an agent that could answer Raven’s Progressive Matrices?

To recap…

Cognitive architectures

Production systems

Action selection

Chunking

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